Tšebeletso ea Sour ＆ Likopo tse Khethehileng

Bolila moelelo oa tšebeletsoho reka lipeipi ha se feela "H₂S e teng." E bolela motsoako oaKhatello e sa fellang ea H₂S, mocheso, pH le chloridee ka khanna haedrojene ka har'a tšepe le ho qalaSSC/HIC, kahoo mokhoa oa ho sebetsa le melao ea kamohelo e tlameha ho latela{0}litekanyetso tse bolila ho fapana le tloaelo ea lipeipi tse akaretsang.

Mohlala:Tlaleho ea mokelikeli e bontšang1,000 ppm H₂Se ka shebahala e le "tekanyetso," empa ho100 barkhatello e felletseng eo e fetolelang ho~0.1 bar ppH₂S, e matla ka ho lekaneng hore basebelisi ba bangata ba ka tiisa litlhoko tsa ho laola boima ba 'mele le thuto e bolila. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, 1,000 ppm e tšoanang ho10 barke feela~0.01 bar ppH₂S, hangata e lebisang qetong e fapaneng haholo ea ho reka.
Ke ka lebaka leo khetho ea tšebeletso e bolila- e atisang ho tsamaisoa ketlaleho ea k'hemistri ea mokelikelile maemo a busang (hangataNACE MR0175 / ISO 15156)-le hore na ke hobaneng ha Octal Pipe e atisa ho kopa enfelopo ya tshebeletso (ppH₂S / pH / thempereichara) pele e netefatsa -sephutheloana sa sesebediswa sa pipe ya tshebeletso.

Ho indasteri ea oli le ea gase, ea petrochemical, offshore, le{{0}khatello/holimo{1}}holimo{1}}mocheso o phahameng (HPHT), lits'ebetso tsa sour service li batla melao e thata ho latela maemo a tšepe, sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, ho futhumatsa mocheso, boleng ba tjheseletsa, coating, le ho se mamellehe. Ntle le taolo e nepahetseng, tikoloho e bolila e ka ama haholo botšepehi ba liphaephe, polokeho le bophelo ba ts'ebetso.

Octal Pipe e fana ka litšebeletso tse bolila le liphaephe tse khethehileng tsa mohala tse tsamaellanang le litekanyetso le litifikeiti tse etelletseng pele lefatšeng.

Tšebeletso e bolila H₂S ppmke sesupo sa mahloriso, empaha e hlalose ho teba ha bolila ka bohona. Boholo ba thuto e bolila-e tsamaisoang keKhatello e itseng ea H₂S (ppH₂S)hobane cracking kotsi e laoloa kematla a ho khanna bakeng sa ho kena ha haedrojene, e ntseng e eketseha ka khatello e sa fellang. Ka mantsoe a boenjiniere, ppH₂S e tlameha ho hlahlojoa hammoho lepH, chloride, mocheso, le ho fumaneha ha karolo ea metsi, hobane li-parameter tsena li ama haholo ts'oaetso ea SSC/HIC.

Phetoho e sebetsang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea khase-ke:

ppH₂S=(H₂S karoloana ea mole) × (khatello e felletseng)

• Bakeng sa sebopeho sa khase,karolo ea mole ≈ ppm / 1,000,000(ppmv motheo).
• Sebelisakhatello e felletseng(eseng gauge).
• Lintlha tsa Yuniti:1 bar=100 kPa; 1 psi ≈ 6.895 kPa.

Mehlala e sebelisitsoeng (ppm e tšoanang, boima bo fapaneng):

• 1,000 ppm=0.001. Ho100 barkakaretso ea khatello: ppH₂S=0.001 × 100 =0.1 bar.
• E tšoanang1,000 ppmho10 barkakaretso ea khatello: ppH₂S=0.001 × 10 =0.01 bar.
• Leha ppm e ts'oana, nyeoe ea bobeli e na le10× tlase ppH₂S, e atisang ho lebisa litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa lisebelisoa / teko ho litlhaloso tsa morero.

Hobaneng sena se le bohlokoa bakeng sa ho reka lipeipi:

Ha ppH₂S e ntse e eketseha, hangata merero e tiisa taolo linthong tse tsamaisang sephetho sa SSC/HIC-hangata.meeli ea boima ba 'mele (haholo-holo weld/HAZ), bohloeki ba tšepe / taolo ea ho kenyeletsoa, ​​le tekanyo e hlokahalang ea thuto e bolila / tlhahlobo (HIC/SSC ha e boletsoe). Ke ka lebaka lena taelo ea theko e reng "H₂S=X ppm" hangata e sa lekaneng ho phethela-sephutheloana sa lisebelisoa tsa pipe ea tšebeletso. Ha e le hantle, H₂S (ppmv kapa mol%),khatello e felletseng ea ts'ebetso, mocheso,pH, chloride, le hore na ho na le karolo ea mahala ea metsi. Ka tsena, ppH₂S e ka thehoa 'me tsela ea lisebelisoa (le litokomane tse hlokahalang / tlhahlobo) li ka etsoa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng.Octal Pipe hangata e kopa enfelopo ea tšebeletso (ppH₂S, pH, mocheso, chlorides, le karolo ea metsi) pele, ebe e tsamaisana le tsela ea lisebelisoa le boholo ba litokomane ho ea ho maemo a busang e le hore morero o ka hlakola tlhahlobo ea morao-rao.{2}

Litlhoko tsa thepa ea tšebeletso e bolilali behiloe ho thibela ho hlōleha ha SSC / HIC, kahoo taelo e lokela ho hlalosa phala e le abolila tšebeletso phala thepa sephutheloana-eseng feela OD/WT le kereiti. Ha e le hantle, taelo ea ho reka e lokela ho bolela ka ho hlaka:

• Tekanyetso ea maemo a holimo:NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (le hore na ke karolo efe e sebetsang), mmoho le litlhaloso life kapa life tsa opareitara/khampani.
• Enfelopo ea tšebeletso (motheo oa khetho):ppH₂S (kapa H₂S sebopeho + khatello eohle), pH, mocheso, chloride, le hore na metsi a mahala a teng.
• Sebaka sa taolo ea lintho tse bonahalang:taolo ea k'hemistri (ho kenyeletsoa. ​​bohloeki/ho kenyeletsoa), tsela ea ho etsa litšepe joalo ka ha ho hlokoa ka mokhoa o itseng, tsela ea kalafo ea mocheso, le motheo oa taolo ea boima.
• Teko e bolila (ha e hlokoa ka ho khetheha):Litšoaneleho tsa HIC / SSC, khafetsa ea sampole, le mekhoa ea ho amohela.
• PSL / litlhoko tsa tlatsetso:mohlala, API 5L PSL2 e nang le litlhoko tsa tlatsetso tse bolila-ha ho hlokahala.
• Taolo ea weld/HAZ (haeba peipi e cheselitsoeng e lumelletsoe):weld seam NDT scope le litlhoko life kapa life tse thata / thuto tse boletsoeng ke projeke ea ITP.

Kamoo Octal Pipe e tshehetsang-thekiso ya ditshebeletso e mpe:Octal Pipe hangata e qala kaenfelopo ya tshebeletsoebe o etsa tlhahlobo-e seng e loketse ho e potoloha-ho tiisa hore na pipe ea tšepe ea carbon e ea amoheleha kapa hore na lintlafatso (taolo e thata ka ho fetisisa, liteko tse thata tsa thuto, CRA/clad/linening) lia hlokahala bakeng sa tumello. Bakeng sa ba romellang EPC, re ka fana ka alot{{0}mapa o ipapisitseng le traceability(mocheso/coil → ho tšoaea liphaephe → lirekoto tsa liteko), 'me u lokise sete ea tokomane (litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea MTC +/teko) ho ITP ea projeke e le hore tlhahlobo ea botekgeniki ea moreki le tokollo ea thepa e se ke ea lieha ka lihokelo tse sieo.

Sour Service Region 3 (Bolila bo Bohloko)

Lits'oants'o tse ling tsa marang-rang li arola boima bo bolila ka libaka;Sebaka sa 3hangata e sebedisetswa ho emelatshebeletso e bolila e boimaho litšoantšo tsa pH vs ppH₂S. Sebakeng sa 3, hangata bareki ba tiisa tsela ea thepa le sebaka sa ho tšoaneleha (taolo ea boima + tlhahlobo e bolila + litokomane tse thata) hobane marang-rang a SSC a manyane.

Kgetho-ya tshebeletso ya Sour hangata e hlahiswa keenfelopo ya tshebetso e lekanyang{{0}ppH₂S, pH, chloride, thempereichara, le mohato oa metsi{1}}ho fapana le leibole ea morero. Maemo a ka tlase a hlalosamaemo a sebele a masimotse tsamaisang kotsi ea SSC/HIC le litlhoko tsa theko.

• Khase e phahameng{{0}e nang le "moderate ppm" H₂S (ppH₂S-ka matla a ho khanna):

E tšoanang H₂S ppm e ka ba matla ha khatello e felletseng e le holimo, e sutumelletsa ppH₂S sebakeng seo marang-rang a SSC a honyelang. Hangata merero e tiisataolo ya boimana'me e hloka bopaki bo bolila ba thuto ho e-na le ho itšetleha ka lebitso la sehlopha feela.

• Phallo ea khase e metsi / multiphase ka metsi a mahala + chloride:

Ha karolo ea metsi e le teng (condensation, metsi a hlahisoang, kapa maemo a ferekanyang), li-chloride le pH e tlaase li eketsa ho kena ha hydrogen le mosebetsi oa ho senya. Hangata theko ea thepa e bolelaHo laola/tlhahlobo ea HIC (ha ho hlokahala)le litlhoko tse hlakileng tsa bohloeki ba lintho tse bonahalang.

• Libaka tse tlase-pH ho tsoa ho CO₂ + metsi (carbonic acid), e nang le H₂S:

CO₂ e qhibilihisitsoeng ka metsing e etsa carbonic acid 'me e potlakisa ho bola; esita le H₂S e nyenyane e ka fetola mokhoa oa ho hlōleha ho ea ho SSC/HIC. Hangata bareki ba eketsakamohelo e thata ka ho hanyetsa bolilahammoho le tumello ea kutu / ho roala / liqeto tsa lesela tse hokahaneng le tlaleho ea mokelikeli.

• Thempereichara ea ho palama baesekele le ho koala / ho qala nako ea ho qala:

"Ho hloleha" tse ngata ho tsamaisoa ke ho sebetsa ka nakoana: ho fetoha ha mocheso, likhatello tsa khatello, le linako tsa ho kolobisa / ho omisa. Litlhaloso hangata li tiisataolo ea weld/HAZ, hobane litlhōrō tsa boima le li-concentrators tsa sebakeng sa heno li ba bohlokoa haholo tlas'a baesekele.

• Ho pepeseha kantle ho lebopo / lebopong ka sefafatsi sa letsoai + ho palama baesekele e metsi-e omileng (hammoho le litaba tse bolila):

Tikoloho ea kantle e eketsa khatello ea kutu (letsoai, mongobo, libaka tsa ho phatloha) ka holim'a kotsi ea bolila bo kahare. Ho reka hangata ho kopanya litlhoko tsa thuto e bolila letsamaiso ea ho roala + ho amoheloa ha tlhahlobo(litekanyetso tsa matsatsi a phomolo, mokhoa oa ho lokisa).

• Mekelikeli e nang le asiti e nang le litšila (H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, chloride):

Ho hloekisoa/lik'hemik'hale ho ka bona litšila tse tsoakiloeng le likhanni tsa corrosion sebakeng sa heno, e leng se fetolang qeto ho tloha ho "standard line pipe" ho ea ho "service{0}} material qualified ." Litlhokahalo hangata li ba boima-:maemo a hlakileng a thuto, motheo oa boima, le 'mapa oa traceability.

Tlhaloso ea Octal Pipe:Lipotsong tse bolila-ka litšebeletso, Octal Pipe hangata e qala ka ho netefatsa enfelopo ea litšebeletso (ppH₂S/pH/temperature/chlorides/mohato oa metsi) ebe e hokahanya tsela ea tšebetso, sebaka sa tlhahlobo (ha se boletsoe), le sephutheloana sa litokomane ho ea ho maemo a taolo hore khetho e be khakanyo{1}}ha e-so sebetse{2}

Hangata, theko- ea litšebeletso e fumaneha libakeng tse peli tse tšoanang:tlhahlobo ea tekheniki(sekoahelo ha sea hlaka) letokollo ya sebaka(bopaki ha bo na 'mapa oa phala). Octal Pipe e nka tšebeletso ea bolila e le sephutheloana se laoloang, se hlahlobiloeng{1}} se entsoeng ho tsoa hoenfelopo ya tshebeletso{{0}ppH₂S, pH, thempereichara, chloride, le karolo ea metsi{1}}kahoo mokhoa oa ho sebetsa, boholo ba liteko, le litokomane li tsamaisana pele tlhahiso e qala.

Mehlala ea sebele{{0}ea lefats'e ea moo mokhoa ona o bolokang nako le ho sebetsa bocha:

• Mohlala 1 - "ppm e shebahala e itekanetse," khatello e etsa hore e be matla haholo:

Tlaleho ea mokelikeli e ka 'na ea bolelaH₂S=1,000 ppm, e ka bonahalang e laoleha ha u habanya feela. Empa haeba mohala o sebetsa ka khatello e phahameng, theKhatello e itseng ea H₂S (ppH₂S)e ka tsamaisa tšebeletso hore e be puso e bolila haholo. Maemong ana, hangata beng ba bona ba tiisa litlhoko tsa bonataolo ya boimanale motheo oa ho fumana mangolo tlas'a MR0175/ISO 15156 (kapa mohlala oa opareitara). Octal Pipe e fana ka maikutlo a sena esale pele 'me e fetolela tlaleho ea khemistri sebakeng sa theko e ka fetisang tlhahlobo{3}}ho e-na le hore puisano e hlahe ka morao e le "litlhoko tse sa lebelloang tse bolila."

• Mohlala 2 - khase e metsi / metsi a hlahisoang + chloride e fetola mokhoa oa ho hlōleha:

Ha metsi a mahala a le teng 'me chloride e phahame, kotsi e tloha ho "corrosion e akaretsang" ho lebaSSC / HIC kutloisiso, mme morero o ka hlokaTlhahlobo ea HIC / SSC(kapa mokhoa o khethehileng oa ho amohela) sebakeng sa lipolelo tse akaretsang tsa tumellano. Octal Pipe e hokahanya thepa le leano la teko ho ITP ka pele hore lotho e tle e lokolloe ka bopaki bo tlalehiloeng ho e-na le taba-ka{2}}ka tlhaloso ea linyeoe.

Seo Octal Pipe e fanang ka sona bakeng sa{0}}mesebetsi ea lits'ebeletso e bolila (e hlahlobiloeng, eseng e tloaelehileng):

• Khetho-ea litšebeletso ka enfelopo{1}}e tsamaisoang ke litšebeletso:Carbon steel sour line pipe ha e amoheleha, e nang le taolo e hlokahalang; 'me ha enfelopo e e batla, Octal Pipe e ka sisinya lintlafatso tse kangtaolo e thata ea ho thatafala, sebaka se thata sa ho fumana mangolo, kapa likhetho tsa CRA/clad/lineningho hlakola tlhahlobo ea mong'a / EPC.
• Bopaki ba ho tšoaneleha le tlhahlobo bo tsamaellanang le PO/ITP:Teko ea HIC/SSC ha e hlalositsoe, UT/NDT ho latela skoupo ea projeke, le mekhoa e laoloang ea welding/HAZ moo ho hlokahalang-kamohelo e bohloko-kamohelo ea litšebeletso e tšehetsoa ke lirekoto.
• Traceability e pholohang 'nete ea sebaka sa marang-rang:Limmapa tse ngata{{0}tse amanang le tsonamocheso/khoele → ho tšoaea liphaephe → lirekoto tsa liteko → MTC, ho fokotsa ts'ebetso e atileng haholo-ea tieho ea litšebeletso: "pipe e rometsoe empa ha e so lokolloe" ka lebaka la lihokelo tse sieo litokomaneng.

Ikopanye hona joale

LBH

 

 

P: Ts'ebeletso e bolila e bolela eng liphaepheng tsa oli le khase?

A:Sour service e bolela hore tikoloho ea ts'ebetso (ppH₂S, pH, thempereichara, chloride, le metsi) e ka baka tšenyo e amanang le hydrogen{0}e kangSSC/HIC, kahoo lintho tse bonahalang le kamohelo li tlameha ho latelaMR0175 / ISO 15156ditlhoko.

P: Tšebeletso e bolila H2S ppm - na ppm e lekaneng ho ahlola ho teba?

A:Che. Botenya hangata bo hlahlojoa keKhatello e itseng ea H₂S (ppH₂S), eseng ppm feela; skrine e sebetsang keppH₂S=(H₂S karoloana ea mole) × (khatello kaofela).

P: Litlhoko tsa thepa ea tšebeletso e bolila bakeng sa thepa ea pipe ea tšebeletso e bolila ke efe?

A:PO-ea litšebeletso e lokela ho bolela maemo a busang (MR0175/ISO 15156),enfelopo ya tshebeletso(ppH₂S/pH/T/chlorides/metsi), le litsamaiso tse hlokahalang joalo kameedi ya boimanaleTlhahlobo ea HIC / SSCha e hlalositsoe.

P: Litlhokahalo tsa welding ea tšebeletso e bolila ke life?

A:Litlhoko tsa welding tsa tšebeletso ea Sour li shebane le taoloweld/HAZ ho thatafala(hangata ka litaolo tsa WPS/PQR joalo ka ho kenya mocheso le -mokhoa oa haedrojene o fokolang) le ho netefatsa boemo bo thata ha ho hlokeha ke projeke ea ITP/spec ho fokotsa kotsi ea SSC.

Setifikeiti

 

Setifikeiti sa CE

Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001

Setifikeiti sa API Q1

Setifikeiti sa ABS

Setifikeiti sa AP-5L

Setifikeiti sa API-5CT

 

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